S100 Protein [4C4.9] (M)

S100 recognizes proteins of 21-24 kDa, identified as the A and B subunits of S100 protein. S100 belongs to the family of calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin and troponin C. S100A is composed of an alpha and beta chain whereas S100B is composed of two beta chains. S100 protein is expressed in Schwannomas, ependymomas, astrogliomas, and nearly all melanomas (benign and malignant) and their metastases (1-6). Studies have also shown S100 protein is expressed in Langerhans cell tumors and interdigitating dendritic cell tumor/sarcoma (IDCT) (7). Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (also known as histiocytosis X, eosinophilic granuloma, or Langerhans cell granulomatosis) can also be confirmed by S100 staining (8).

Specifications

1. Banerjee SS, et al. Malignant melanoma showing smooth muscle differentiation. J Clin Pathol. 1996 Nov;49(11):950-1.
2. Argenyi ZB, et al. S-100 protein-negative malignant melanoma: fact or fiction? A light-microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Dermatopathol. 1994 Jun;16(3):233-40.
3. Fernando SS, Johnson S, Bate J. Immunohistochemical analysis of cutaneous malignant melanoma: comparison of S-100 protein, HMB45 monoclonal antibody and NKI/C3 monoclonal antibody. Pathology. 1994
Jan;26(1):16-9.
4. Tousignant J, et al. Immunohistochemical characteristics of malignant melanoma. A study of 40 cases and review of the literature. Arch Anat Cytol Pathol. 1990; 38(1-2):5-10.
5. Miettinen M, Franssila K. Immunohistochemical spectrum of malignant melanoma. The common presence of keratins. Lab Invest. 1989 Dec;61(6):623-8.
6. Fitzgibbons PL, et al. Primary mucosal malignant melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of 12 cases with comparison to cutaneous and metastatic melanomas. Hum Pathol. 1989 Mar;20(3):269-72.
7. Pileri SA, et al. Tumours of histiocytes and accessory dendritic cells: an immunohistochemical approach to classification from the International Lymphoma Study Group based on 61 cases. Histopathology. 2002 Jul;41(1):1-29.
8. Redd L, et al. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Shows Distinct Cytoplasmic Expression of Major Histocompatibility Class II Antigens. J Hematop. 2016 Sep;9(3):107-112.
9. Center for Disease Control Manual. Guide: Safety Management, NO. CDC-22, Atlanta, GA. April 30, 1976 “Decontamination of Laboratory Sink Drains to Remove Azide Salts.”
10. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Protection of Laboratory Workers from Occupationally Acquired Infections; Approved Guideline-Fourth Edition CLSI document M29-A4 Wayne, PA 2014.